BIBLE IN TEN

Acts 24:10

Thursday, 1 February 2024
 
Then Paul, after the governor had nodded to him to speak, answered: “Inasmuch as I know that you have been for many years a judge of this nation, I do the more cheerfully answer for myself, Acts 24:10
 
A literal translation would be, “And Paul answered, the governor having beckoned him to speak, ‘Knowing from many years, you, being judge to this nation, cheerfully these concerning myself I make a defense’” (CG).
 
Tertullus presented the charges against Paul, and the Jews assented to what he said, maintaining that his words were true. With that complete, it next says, “And Paul answered, the governor having beckoned him to speak.”
 
There is a sense of order and decorum. The plaintiff was allowed to speak in an uninterrupted fashion. Upon completion, the governor acknowledged Paul’s right to defend himself, and so he nodded or made a sign of some sort that indicated Paul could begin his defense. Paul then answered, beginning with, “Knowing from many years.”
 
He avoids the unnecessary words of flattery used by his opponent. He also defends himself without using a lawyer. Instead, he appeals directly to the justice of his case, stating that he knew it would be upheld because of Felix’s lengthy service.
 
The “many years” that he refers to is actually six or seven at this point. However, it is noted by Tacitus that Felix had already been a joint procurator with his predecessor Cumanus. Also, scholars note that many in his position were recalled after a much shorter period and so from that perspective, “many years” is a good description.
 
He would be well educated in how to conduct such affairs and also well-versed in the Jewish rites, customs, and laws. Understanding this, Paul’s words continue, saying, “you, being judge to this nation.”
 
Again, there is nothing superfluous or unnecessary stated. Paul simply acknowledges that the governor had a right to judge the matter set before him. It is an implicit acceptance of the position and, thus, the judgment that will be rendered. Also, knowing that he is now under Roman jurisdiction, he will get a trial that fairly acknowledges his state as a Roman. Therefore, he continues with, “cheerfully these concerning myself I make a defense.”
 
The word Paul uses, translated as answer, is apologeomai. It is a word that is related to the “apology” or defense one would make for the Christian faith. In this case, it is a rightful defense against charges brought against him.
 
In all, the words Paul uses show a person who is bold in his words because of his belief in his personal innocence concerning wrongdoing. There is nothing smug, flattering, or superfluous in his opening statement. And more, he has the fact that a plot to kill him was initiated by the leaders of Israel to bolster his defense.
 
Whether those leaders knew that their plot was discovered or not, the governor did. It is a stain on their actions, and it weakens any charges brought against Paul, making them suspect and biased.
 
Life application: It can be difficult at times to restrain oneself from blurting out a defense against false charges. This is true regardless of the size of the offense that is being accused. Little things can be just as annoying to listen to as big ones. However, it is best to allow people to speak in an uninterrupted manner.
 
To see this type of thing in action, watch reporters who are designated to conduct interviews or debates for political positions, like those running for Congress or even the presidency. It is not uncommon for a question to be asked by the reporter, and then a lucid, rational, and well-thought-out answer is given. Because the response does not fit with the reporter’s worldview, he or she immediately begins to interrupt the candidate.
 
This is both unprofessional, and it demonstrates a weakness in any supposed impartiality of the reporter. And yes, it is as common for those on the left to do this as it is for dogs to pant. Don’t be like a panting dog in your own time of defense. And don’t be like one if you are asked to impartially judge or oversee a matter such as an interview or debate. Let your words be few, directed, and spoken at the proper time without interrupting others in the process.
 
Glorious Lord God, may we be careful to speak clearly and thoughtfully when there are words that may affect our standing in the eyes of others or even our freedom in society. Help us know what to say at such a time, give us grace and patience in our responses, and may we honor You in our presence. Amen.
 

Acts 24:9

Wednesday, 31 January 2024
 
And the Jews also assented, maintaining that these things were so. Acts 24:9
 
The previous verse completed Tertullus' words to Felix. With that, it next says, “And the Jews also assented.”
 
They agreed either collectively or individually, but they stood behind the substance of his words, affirming that Paul was a plague that needed to be eradicated. One can see them seated behind Tertullus nodding in agreement and maybe vocally assenting to the presentation. It is likely that they were all in agreement before they even arrived and were thus satisfied with Tertullus’ presentation. As such, they were “maintaining that these things were so.”
 
A new word is introduced: phaskó. It will only be seen again in Acts 25:19 and Romans 1:22. It is a prolongation of a more common word that signifies to say. Thus, it means to affirm, allege, profess, or something similar. Its use in Romans gives a sense of one of its intended meanings –
 
“Professing to be wise, they became fools.” Romans 1:22
 
One can see scientists haughtily proclaiming that the universe exploded itself into existence and man arising over billions of years out of goo and thus proclaiming, “We don’t need God. We are free from His rule over us! Look at how wise we are!” God says they are fools.
 
These Jews had come together, affirming that Paul was guilty and needed to be punished for his transgressions.
 
Life application: The Bible makes many proclamations about how the world was created by God, is governed by His power and sustaining hand, is guilty before Him for failing to acknowledge Him, and so forth.
 
Either what it says is reliable and true, or it is not. If the first chapters of Genesis are not literal history, then the rest of the Bible is suspect as well. Jesus cites those chapters and proclaims they are literally true, acknowledging the events really happened.
 
We cannot allegorize the creation account without falling into great error. If we are saved, we will not lose our salvation. But if we fail to accept God at His word, we will be judged for our lack of faith in regard to what He has proclaimed.
 
There are abundant videos and teachings available that give reasonable explanations that fully support the Genesis creation account. If you are unsure if the word is reliable in these chapters, test them by watching or reading what is out there. In the end, the Lord asks you to use reasoned faith in your relationship with Him. You cannot do this without checking things out.
 
Be wise and discerning. What can you skip in your normal routine that will allow you sufficient time to investigate such things?
 
Lord God, Your word is written, and it makes certain proclamations about who You are and what You have done. Help us to be willing to research and investigate these things and come to reasonable conclusions about the claims that are made there. May our faith be grounded in reality as we seek the mysteries of the world around us. To Your glory, we pray. Amen.

Acts 24:8

Tuesday, 30 January 2024
 
“commanding his accusers to come to you. By examining him yourself you may ascertain all these things of which we accuse him.” Acts 24:8
 
A literal translation, even if a bit clunky, is, “having commanded his accusers to come to you, from whom you will be able, having examined, to know yourself concerning all these things which we accuse him” (CG).
 
In the previous verse, it said, “And Lysias, the commander, having come with great force, led away out of our hands.” That now continues with the words “having commanded his accusers to come to you.”
 
This was seen in a portion of Claudius Lysias’ letter to Felix, as recorded in the previous chapter –
 
“And when it was told me that the Jews lay in wait for the man, I sent him immediately to you, and also commanded his accusers to state before you the charges against him.” Acts 23:20
 
Not only did the commander send Paul safely to Caesarea, but he told the leaders of Israel that if they wanted a meeting with Paul in attendance, they would have to do so in the presence of the Roman governor. In fact, they were not given the choice. Instead, he commanded that they should appear before Felix. From there, Tertullus next says, “from whom you will be able.”
 
A relative pronoun is used, “whom.” Some translations, like the NKJV, say “him.” To our ears, using “whom” it sounds like he is asking for the accusers to be allowed to be examined. However, the pronoun is singular. And so, it is most probably speaking of Paul. But it also could be speaking of the Roman commander.
 
If so, and because he is not there, it may be that Tertullus is hoping that Felix would take this statement at face value and say, “No, there is no need to call him over this.” Either way, Tertullus continues, saying, “having examined, to know yourself concerning all these things which we accuse him.”
 
Either way, it is unlikely that either the Roman commander or Paul would agree that the things Paul had been accused of were true. The Roman commander would have insufficient evidence to substantiate the charges, and he would disagree with portions of the claims made. If he is referring to Paul, his words in the coming verses will completely refute the charges against him.
 
Life application: In this verse, Tertullus does what people continue to do today. He brazenly sets up a false narrative and then claims that when those who are interviewed are brought forward, they will agree with his position. We might call this the Shifty Schiff approach.
 
By boldly and brazenly lying, such people are openly mocking the integrity of the accused so that when they speak, they appear to be liars. It is a position that people will take when their side of an issue or argument has no substantiation at all.
 
This is a fallacy known as Poisoning the Well. The first person to speak will do so in an attempt to undermine the integrity of the next speaker, impugning his character in one way or another. They may imply he is manipulative, a liar, and that his words will be highly persuasive and thus must not be trusted, and so forth.
 
Even if the water in the well was perfectly good and drinkable to begin with, by poisoning the well, it is no longer to be trusted as safe. This tactic has been constantly used throughout the ages as a means of destroying someone of integrity before he even gets a chance to begin his presentation. It is highly effective because most people trust those they align with, even if their words are completely false.
 
Be aware of this fallacy, especially around voting season. You will see it constantly employed by those whose political position is one that has nothing of value to present to the people. It is also seen among Christian leaders and speakers at times. Be aware of this and call it out as soon as you identify it.
 
Lord God, help us to consider arguments clearly and responsibly that we see arise between people. May we not be sidetracked by fallacious thinking but instead consider what is said based on its adherence to the truth. It is a world full of confusion, but with Your wisdom to guide us, we will not be led astray by those who speak falsity and introduce error into their words. Yes, Lord God, help us in this. Amen.

Acts 24:7

Monday, 29 January 2024
 
“But the commander Lysias came by and with great violence took him out of our hands, Acts 24:7
 
A better rendering of the Greek is, “And Lysias, the commander, having come with great force, led away out of our hands” (CG).
 
It should be noted that some manuscripts do not include the second half of the previous verse, this verse, or the first clause of verse 8. Thus, depending on the Bible you use, you may not have those things included or they may only be footnoted.
 
In the previous verse, Tertullus told Felix that Paul tried to profane the temple. Therefore, he was seized, and they tried to judge him according to Jewish law. That now continues with, “And Lysias, the commander.”
 
Interjecting the name of Lysias is an attempt to say, “If this person didn’t interfere, this matter would have been settled already. Paul would have been judged according to our law, and there would have been no reason to bother you here today.” With that understood, Tertullus continues, saying, “having come with great force, led away out of our hands.”
 
His words completely overlook the riot of the people and the quick actions of the Romans, which saved the life of Paul, a Roman citizen. In essence, there is an attempt to throw a disparaging light on Claudius Lysias, as if he had meddled in a matter that belonged to the Jews alone.
 
Tertullus is presenting the Jews as the unfortunate losers. He is further implying that if things had gone differently and they had just been allowed to handle things, they would have spared Felix all of this trouble by taking care of the matter themselves.
 
Life application: The common adage “hindsight is 20/20” means that if the information that is now known was available before, the errors of the past would not have been made. It is comparing 20/20 vision to clarity concerning a matter.
 
Tertullus is using this idea against Lysias’ actions. In essence, he is saying, “If Lysias had only known the whole situation, things would have come out just fine.” Sometimes, this type of thinking is true, but in the case of the Jews, this is completely false.
 
Felix can only go by what he is told. The flattery of Tertullus should give him a hint that what he is being told is a pile of lies. This is all the more certain because Lysias sent Paul to Caesarea based on the discovery of a plot to kill Paul that arose sometime after the events they are now referring to in the hearing.
 
It is often necessary not to rush to a judgment on a matter until it is carefully thought through and all options are weighed. Felix’s main responsibility was to maintain order in his jurisdiction, but another prime responsibility was ensuring the safety and protection of Roman citizens.
 
Paul used his citizenship to benefit himself. As such, he is using his citizenship to further his goal of spreading the gospel. Don’t hesitate to use whatever means are available to you to secure your safety and advancement within your society. This includes appealing to your citizenship, including your right to vote.
 
If you refrain from using those things that are available to you, you will ultimately be hindering your ability to share the gospel. If the opposing political party takes away your rights because you failed to vote, you will have harmed not only yourself but those who will never benefit from hearing the good news in a free and open society.
 
Little choices can have big consequences. So do what is right and participate in your society.
 
Lord God, help us to think clearly about our responsibilities. May we be willing to do the right thing in all situations. And to do the right thing, we need to consider not just the immediate effects but also the long-term effects of our actions or inactions. Give us wisdom in this, O God. Amen.

Acts 24:6

Sunday, 28 January 2024
 
“He even tried to profane the temple, and we seized him, and wanted to judge him according to our law. Acts 24:6
 
In the previous verse, Tertullus began to list the accusations against Paul, saying he was a plague, a creator of dissension of the Jews throughout the empire, and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes. He continues now, saying, “He even tried to profane the temple.”
 
This accusation is modified from that of Acts 21:28, where he was actually accused of defiling the temple by bringing uncircumcised Greeks into it. Tertullus leaves this out because Felix himself would have been uncircumcised, and this would then have become a possible point of stumbling in his case if, by offending Felix, he would lose his favor. Continuing, he says, “and we seized him.”
 
He is speaking on behalf of his clients who represented the Jews as their leaders (we). However, he is not telling the whole story. Paul was seized, but it was in a violent way, not in an orderly fashion. Rather, the account said –
 
“And all the city was disturbed; and the people ran together, seized Paul, and dragged him out of the temple; and immediately the doors were shut. 31 Now as they were seeking to kill him, news came to the commander of the garrison that all Jerusalem was in an uproar.” Acts 21:30, 31
 
Despite not giving the full and accurate details, Tertullus simply moves on, saying, “and wanted to judge him according to our law.”
 
This is only true as they intended to kill him. Though their law may have allowed this, Roman law didn’t. Therefore, he glosses over the situation and the conduct of the unruly mob in order to make it look like they had been wronged by not being allowed time for a trial to be held.
 
As for the word translated as “profane” in this verse, bebéloó, it is an interesting word. It comes from another word, bélos, meaning a step or a threshold. The idea is that Paul is accused of stepping beyond the bounds of that which was proper, as in overstepping the threshold of the sacred place.
 
Life application: There are people in the world who teach that Paul was actually a heretic, and that the Bible argues against his doctrine. They supposedly use Scripture to come to this conclusion. However, in order to teach this heretical doctrine, 2 Peter is dismissed as a false epistle. They must do this because Peter clearly teaches that Paul’s writings are inspired (2 Peter 3:15).
 
In order to make this claim, it is stated that the epistle was never considered canon and was falsely introduced later. There is nothing to actually substantiate this. Determining its canonicity came about in the same manner as the other books of the New Testament.
 
To hold to this doctrine, one must not consider the epistles of Paul as inspired. Further, the book of Acts is not to be held to as inspired. Rather, it is subjectively torn apart, and those who hold this view choose which parts are valid and which are not.
 
Why would anyone hold such an incredibly stupid view of Scripture? The reason is that Paul teaches grace apart from any works of the law. He teaches that the law is fulfilled and obsolete. These Judaizers cannot let go of their own personal importance before God. And so, they diminish grace and boast in their own supposed holiness.
 
They set themselves as the standard of God’s acceptance of humanity, and they determine what part of God’s word is acceptable or not. In other words, they hold to themselves as being the gods of acceptability.
 
But this is what the Bible presents of people from the very beginning of time. Adam wanted to be like God. Ever since then, man has chosen to determine what is right and good, as if he is the standard to which God must acquiesce. Unless we are willing to admit that we are fallen, cannot save ourselves, and that we are wholly at the mercy of an offended God, we will never see the need for a Savior who has done all the work necessary to reconcile us to God.
 
Be aware of the innumerable false teachings that exist in the world. Any teaching that says we must “do” in order to be saved or to keep being saved is to be rejected. Christ has done! What we need to do is to believe, accepting by faith that He has done it. Thank God for Jesus Christ our Lord who has prevailed for His people!
 
Lord God Almighty, today we come before You to praise You. All glory, majesty, and honor belong to You alone. We receive Your offering of Jesus by faith, and we praise You, now and forever, for what You have done. Hallelujah and Amen.

Acts 24:5

Saturday, 27 January 2024
 
“For we have found this man a plague, a creator of dissension among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes. Acts 24:5
 
The words are more literally rendered, “For we have found this man a plague and stirring insurrection in all the Jews throughout the habitation, and the leader of the Nazarenes sect” (CG).
 
Tertullus just gave a statement in preparation for introducing the supposed charges they would make against Paul. He now begins to list them, beginning with, “For we have found this man a plague.”
 
After his words of flattery toward Felix, Tertullus immediately goes into a verbal assault on Paul, beginning with the word loimos, a plague or pestilence. It is only used one other time, in Luke 21:11, where Jesus describes the plagues coming in the end times.
 
The KJV translates this as “a pestilent fellow,” but that hardly fits the intent. Rather than being an adjective, it is a noun. He is not plagued but rather is a plague. Next, Tertullus says “and stirring insurrection in all the Jews.”
 
The verb is in the present tense, giving the sense that not only did Paul stir up insurrection but that he continues to do so and would continue to do so if he is released. However, Tertullus notes that this behavior was among the Jews. The insurrection itself could be among the Jews against the Romans or an internal struggle. Without further explanation, it would leave the charge vague at best. Despite this, he next notes that it is “throughout the habitation.”
 
The word is oikoumené. It is a noun signifying the land that is inhabited, but it specifically refers to the Roman world. As Strong’s notes, “for all outside it was regarded as no account.” Thus, Paul was stirring up the Jews within the Roman empire, but not necessarily against it.
 
The point is, however, that Paul has caused trouble beyond the boundaries of Felix's authority, and now he is here and within the grasp of the governor. It is a way of enticing him to be the champion of all of the poor Jews who have been plagued by this man throughout the empire and which no other ruler was able to secure. He makes Paul out to be a prize that others could not attain.
 
Understanding that, he next says, “and the leader of the Nazarenes sect.” The Greek word translated as “ringleader” is prótostatés. It is found only here in Scripture. It means “one who stands first on the right of a line” (hence, a file leader), and so he is being called the leader or head of the sect.
 
Interestingly, the term Nazarene is only used thirteen times in the New Testament and all of them are used to describe Jesus except this one. The title has been transferred from the Master to those who follow Him, and Paul is being called the head of them all.
 
In the words of Tertullus, he has taken the very things which Felix was noted for suppressing and he has attributed them directly to Paul. It is with certainty that Paul didn’t look like any such person, but the words of accusation by Tertullus are as if he were in the act of such a crime at that very moment.
 
Life application: Because Tertullus has only identified Paul as a miscreant among the Jews unless he further defines it as Jews being stirred to rebellion against Rome, his words will be pointless. As has been seen elsewhere in Acts, the issue of whether Christianity is acceptable under Judaism is a main point of consideration being addressed in the book.
 
That was a matter for Jews to determine and handle. Only if the matter brought some type of harm to the Roman Empire or its citizens would it be worth the pursuit of a magistrate. Consider this as you read through Acts. Christianity is either an authorized extension of the faith recorded in the Bible that came through Israel or it is not.
 
If it is, then it tells us that God is working through Christianity as redemptive history unfolds. It also means that whatever Judaism teaches today falls short of what the law and prophets proclaimed.
 
Christianity is based on the work of Jesus, the Christ. If God has purposed that to be His revelation of Himself to the world, and if the Jews have rejected that, then there cannot be salvation within the Jewish nation at this time. Only individual Jews who come to Christ will be saved. This is a key point of theology that must be considered.
 
Until Israel, as a nation, receives Jesus He will not return to them and dwell among them as foretold in the law and prophets. Be careful to not get swayed by law observers and Judaizers. This is a key and central point of doctrine that is clearly and unambiguously expressed in Scripture.
 
Heavenly Father, may we be sound in our thinking concerning where we will place our trust. Only Jesus and His fulfillment of the law can bring us back to You. May we never presume to hold to false teachings of those who would creep in an attempt to pull us away from Your grace, as expressed through the giving of Your Son for our sins. Amen.

Acts 24:4

Friday, 26 January 2024
 
Nevertheless, not to be tedious to you any further, I beg you to hear, by your courtesy, a few words from us. Acts 24:4
 
The words more literally read, “And so not upon you further I should hinder, I implore you to hear us briefly, in your indulgence” (CG).
 
In the previous verse, the orator Tertullus completed his opening platitudes to Felix. He now transitions towards the main argument against Paul. His words are suited to an orator, some being rare or uncommon. He begins with, “And so not upon you further I should hinder.”
 
The words imply that he could go on and on about Felix and how great he is. However, he doesn’t want to be a continued hindrance to his obviously busy schedule as governor. As Felix was such a busy and important man, Tertullus didn't want his continued accolades to keep him from his job of governing.
 
His statement introduces a new word to Scripture, egkoptó. It is a verb signifying to hinder or interrupt. As the mood of the verb is subjunctive, it gives the sense of “should hinder.” With that said, he continues with, “I implore you to hear us briefly.”
 
This is the second and last use of suntomós in the New Testament. It is an adverb giving the sense of cutting something short through conciseness or promptness. However, the first use of the word (Mark 16:20) is only found in some manuscripts.
 
In this case, Tertullus intensifies the previous clause – “So I don’t hinder you, please hear us briefly.” He then further intensifies the thought by finishing with, “in your indulgence.”
 
Again, another new word is introduced, epieikeia. It is an intensification of what is fair or equitable. Thus, it is a petition for going beyond what would be expected. It is defined by HELPS Word Studies as “(‘true equity’) is a ‘sweet reasonableness’ that knows when to ‘relax the strict legal requirements concerning others . . . to carry out the real spirit of the law.’”
 
In essence, the sense of Tertullus’ words is, “O great governor, we know how precious your time is, so we are cutting short our praises, we are asking just a short petition of our grievances, and we know that even in that – which is our rightful due – we must petition for your indulgence in the matter.”
 
Tertullus is really slathering on the butter in his words to the governor. His obvious talent as an orator is evident in the choice of words he uses.
 
Life application: The sweet-tongued words of Tertullus have taken up three verses. It may be that Felix accepted them as deserving of his supposedly great position, or it may be that Felix was chuckling inside at the verbal groveling he was hearing.
 
Either way, the words are unnecessarily verbose and are of no real value in the case to be presented against Paul. This is often the situation with people who have an invalid or weak argument concerning their stand on a position concerning some particular matter.
 
Be attentive to how things are presented, and you can often get a feeling for the soundness of an argument even before you have gotten to the substance of what is being said. If someone uses technical or complicated words, it is often intended to make him appear smarter on a given subject than others.
 
If a person states his qualifications, it is often an attempt to promote himself, even if his argument is weak. By saying, “As a doctor of theology, my position on this matter is...” the person is trying to get the upper hand even before presenting his position.
 
These types of approaches are known as fallacies. Anything that obscures an argument diminishes another’s view even before it is heard, sideswipes the main argument, etc., is a fallacy. From time to time, read up on the various fallacies that exist. This will help keep your mind attuned to illogical or underhanded presentations that arise in general discourse.
 
Lord God, Your word says that You desire truth in the inward parts of man. Help us to be truthful inwardly so that what we say outwardly will be a true reflection of who we are and what we believe. Keep us from silly arguments and presentations that do not convey the truth. May our inner convictions be revealed in honesty and faithfulness. Amen.

Acts 24:3

Thursday, 25 January 2024
 
“we accept it always and in all places, most noble Felix, with all thankfulness. Acts 24:3
 
The Greek more literally reads, “Both entirely and everywhere we welcome, most excellent Felix, with all thankfulness” (CG).
 
In the previous verse, Tertullus began his accusation against Paul. It was a butter-up job to hide the fact that they really have no case against him in any matter that Rome would be interested in. The spreading of the butter now continues with “Both entirely and everywhere.”
 
He uses a word found only here in Scripture, panté. Some translations say “always.” However, it is generally accepted that it doesn't mean “always” as in time, but rather “all ways” as in scope. Therefore, the single word “entirely” is more definitive.
 
As such, the “entirely and everywhere” of this verse are tied to the “great peace” and the “reformations” of the previous verse. Understanding that, the words of Tertullus continue with “we welcome.”
 
Considering that the Jews’ hatred of the Roman rule over them permeated the entire society, the words must have been a bitter pill to even utter. For Felix, it was probably a point of great happiness to see the leaders of Israel, along with their authorized representative, groveling before him with such platitudes. Next, Tertullus says, “most excellent Felix.”
 
The word translated as “most excellent” is the same as that found in Acts 23:26 in the introduction of the letter from Claudius Lysias to Felix. It will be used one more time in Acts when spoken during formal discourse with the appointed governor. It is an adjective coming from kratos, a word signifying might, strength, dominion, power, etc. Thus, it literally means “strongest.” With that stated, Tertullus ends this introduction, saying, “with all thankfulness.”
 
A satire could not put forth words more painfully expressed. Of them, John Gill says, “this was all a farce, mere artifice, and wretched flattery.” Tertullus and the entire body of elders who were there before Felix were probably clenching their teeth in disgust, while Felix was probably smiling and on the verge of bursting out in condescending laughter.
 
Life application: In reading and considering the words of Tertullus, and while thinking about the unnecessary kowtowing that he did before the Roman authorities, you can then consider your own choice of words should such a circumstance ever arise in your life.
 
The words of Solomon, when speaking of our own choice of words before God, give direction that is suitable to any such circumstance –
 
“Do not be rash with your mouth,And let not your heart utter anything hastily before God.For God is in heaven, and you on earth;Therefore let your words be few.3 For a dream comes through much activity,And a fool’s voice is known by his many words.” Ecclesiastes 5:2, 3
 
The only things Tertullus has accomplished with his opening statement are to waste time and look foolish. He has brought embarrassment to himself. What is more, it is recorded for all to see and learn from. When addressing others in such a forum, keep your words to the minimum and be open and direct about the matter at hand. In this, your wisdom will be seen and appreciated by the wise.
 
Lord God Almighty, help us to not be babblers or smooth talkers. May our words be precise and effective, especially when dealing with others. May our conversations about You, such as when we share the good news, be carefully constructed to convey the proper meaning intended by You for the conversion of the soul. Help us in such things, O God. Amen.

Acts 24:2

Wednesday, 24 January 2024
 
And when he was called upon, Tertullus began his accusation, saying: “Seeing that through you we enjoy great peace, and prosperity is being brought to this nation by your foresight, Acts 24:2
 
A literal translation is, “And he, having been called, Tertullus began accusing, saying, ‘Great peace we are attaining through you. And reformations are being done to this nation through your foresight’” (CG).
 
The previous verse opened the chapter noting that Ananias, the high priest, came down to Caesarea with the elders and a certain orator named Tertullus to give evidence to the governor against Paul. It now says, “And he, having been called, Tertullus began accusing.”
 
Tertullus, the orator, will speak on behalf of the entire delegation. This is what is customary in such proceedings. Anything else would naturally lead to a chaotic session where everyone was interjecting. Therefore, Tertullus alone began the discourse, “saying, ‘Great peace we are attaining through you.’”
 
Verses 2-4 are given as an introduction to the charges as a way of gaining favor with Felix. This is in hopes of winning him to their side before the actual charges are even given.
 
Scholars agree that the things Tertullus focuses on are pretty much the only things worth focusing on. Other than this, there was truly nothing to compliment about the governor. His first item of presentation is that of the people having obtained great peace.
 
This is obviously not the type of peace that the Jews would have asked for. It was a forced peace through the strength of the Roman Empire. However, it would have been a true statement, nonetheless. The Jews were subjugated to Roman authority, and the Pax Romana was forced upon them, as it was throughout the empire. Next, Tertullus notes, “And reformations are being done to this nation.”
 
Here is found a new word in Scripture, translated as “reformations,” diorthosis. It is found only here and in Hebrews 9:10. It comes from dia and orthos (through and upright). Some translations say, “worthy deeds,” “excellent measures,” or something similar. It is a noun signifying improvements, reformations, etc. Being plural, “reformations” provides the proper sense.
 
Next, Tertullus says to the governor that these were done “through your foresight.” It is another new word in Scripture, pronoia. It is a noun derived from the verb pronoeó, to foresee. The word is described by Ellicott –
 
“The Greek word had at this time, like the English, a somewhat higher sense than ‘prudence’ or ‘forethought.’ Men spoke then, as now, of the ‘providence’ of God, and the tendency to clothe the emperors with quasi-divine attributes led to the appearance of this word—'the providence of Cæsar’—on their coins and on medals struck in their honour. Tertullus, after his manner, goes one step further, and extends the term to the procurator of Judæa.”
 
The Geneva Bible notes that “Felix ruled that province with great cruelty and covetousness, and yet Josephus records that he did many worthy things, such as taking Eleazar the captain of certain cutthroats, and put that deceiving wretch the Egyptian to flight, who caused great troubles in Judea.”
 
In other words, Tertullus is using carefully selected words to butter up the governor in hopes of obtaining a favorable verdict for his side. Through his efforts, there was at least peace, which led to prosperity, even if it was under the oppressive hand of Roman rule.
 
Life application: So far, everything Tertullus said has been irrelevant to the case against Paul. His approach, then, is already one that demonstrates their main argument will lack substance, at least from the perspective of Roman authority.
 
This type of presentation is not at all uncommon, and it should be watched for in any forum. People who come in and begin with comments irrelevant to the main subject of attention are often doing so to distract the mind from that main subject. Perceiving this type of approach, and mentally standing against it until the main arguments are presented, will keep you in a stronger position to cut out the superfluous fat in order to challenge whatever main point is then introduced.
 
Be aware of such things. They may seem innocuous, but they usually come when a logical argument is lacking, or someone who is involved in what is being said is a target for misdirection and deception.
 
Lord God Almighty, when we are presented with challenges to Your word or to who You are as the Creator and Sovereign over our lives, help us to identify fallacious thinking or invalid points of argumentation and to focus on the main substance of what is being addressed. Sometimes, it is hard to see where people are going until it is too late. So, help us to have wisdom as we defend our faith in You. Amen.

Acts 24:1

Tuesday, 23 January 2024
 
Now after five days Ananias the high priest came down with the elders and a certain orator named Tertullus. These gave evidence to the governor against Paul. Acts 24:1
 
Chapter 24 enters into the hearing that Felix promised Paul in the preceding verse. That begins with, “Now after five days.”
 
This five-day period is probably from the time of Paul’s departure from Jerusalem. At that same time, the council would have been informed, and they would have begun preparations for a case against him.
 
This is the likely scenario because it was twelve days since Paul's arrival in Jerusalem, as will be seen in verse 24:11. Therefore, the timeline is better reckoned from the departure from Jerusalem and not from the last events of chapter 23.
 
Regardless of this, the five-day period sees the coming of a delegation to testify against Paul. Of them, Luke records that “Ananias the high priest came down with the elders and a certain orator named Tertullus.”
 
As always, when a trip is made from Jerusalem, the term “came down” or “descended” is used. Because the Lord’s temple is in Jerusalem, it is considered as the highest place on earth from a legal and royal perspective. He being the King of kings and Lord of lords.
 
Likewise, when going to Jerusalem from anywhere else, it is an ascent regardless of direction or elevation. The word used to describe Tertullus is rhétór. This is its only use in Scripture. It signifies an orator, public speaker, or an advocate. Today, we use the words rhetoric, rhetorically, etc. These are etymologically derived from this ancient Greek word.
 
As for Tertullus, he would have the eloquence of a toastmaster. Ellicott describes the rhétór –
 
“Men of this class were to be found in most of the provincial towns of the Roman empire, ready to hold a brief for plaintiff or defendant, and bringing to bear the power of their glib eloquence, as well as their knowledge of Roman laws, on the mind of the judge.”
 
Of this delegation that has arrived, it next says, “These gave evidence to the governor against Paul.”
 
The word translated as “gave evidence” is emphanizó. It signifies to appear, declare, make visible, etc. In this case, it is being used in a technical sense. In essence, it is a formal indictment being made against Paul. One might more accurately say that they litigated against Paul. They are set to disclose the charges against him that have been decided upon.
 
Of this verse, the Geneva Bible says, “Hypocrites, when they can not do what they want to do by force and deceit, at length they go about to accomplish it by a show of law.”
 
Life application: Think of what has happened to Paul. These miscreants had initiated a sort of coup against him in the temple, stirring up the masses against him and stealing away his rights in the process. The only thing that saved him from disaster was that he was found to be Roman by the barracks commander.
 
From there, they plotted against him to kill him. That plot was discovered, and Paul was safely conducted out of Jerusalem. Now, because they have been ineffective in laying hands on him any other way, they are set to bring false charges against him to keep him from spreading his message of freedom in Christ any further.
 
The parallel between what has happened thus far and what has happened to President Donald Trump is quite similar. There are certain ways that people will react when they cannot get their way. They will follow the same patterns again and again in history to meet whatever the present circumstances are that they find displeasing.
 
But this isn’t just with leaders. Eventually, the persecution continues even to those who are inspired by the leader. In the case of Paul, it started with Jesus. It continued to His apostles. From there, it continued to the people who accepted the apostles’ message. Paul was supernaturally pulled from that by a personal appearance of Jesus. But then the persecution against him began.
 
In our world today, the communists on the left have fought against conservative ideology. They have then targeted the leader of the conservative movement that was most likely to harm their globalist agenda. With that goal seemingly realized, they began targeting his supporters.
 
Only with a massive amount of public support has this wave of communism been fought against. Will it be turned around? Only time will tell. If not, the political persecution will very quickly become a persecution of the religious lives of the people they are targeting. This is because faith in God is diametrically opposed to communist ideology. It must be terminated for the communists to prevail.
 
Be ready to stand on your priorities, whatever they are. If they include Jesus, be ready to face what so many have faced before you. Faith in Christ will eventually be something considered intolerable and worthy of death. Even now, that is on the minds of these miscreants.
 
Lord God, we know that the end times will be difficult for those who hold fast to faith in You. We don’t know the timing of the rapture, and so we don’t know at what point we may have to face persecution because of what we believe. Should it come to pass, may we be faithful to stand and proclaim the Name of Jesus as our ultimate hope and passion. To Your glory, we pray. Amen.
 

Acts 23:35

Monday, 22 January 2024
 
he said, “I will hear you when your accusers also have come.” And he commanded him to be kept in Herod’s Praetorium. Acts 23:35
 
The Greek more literally reads, “‘I will thoroughly hear you, he said, when your accusers also may have arrived,’ having commanded him to be guarded in the Praetorium of Herod” (CG).
 
The previous verse flows into this one, having ended with the words, “and having learned that from Cilicia.” That thought now continues with, “I will thoroughly hear you.”
 
Whatever the correct interpretation of Paul’s standing was concerning his being from Cilicia, as discussed in the previous verse, it was sufficient for Felix to accept responsibility for the investigation.
 
Apparently, there would be no conflict in his doing so. The word translated as “I will thoroughly hear you” is diakouó. It comes from dia, “through,” and akouo, “a hearing.” This is its only use in the Bible. It is obvious when connecting the two words that a “thorough hearing” in a judicial sense is what is intended.
 
The questions from Felix thus far were only preparatory, and Paul would be given an entire and thorough chance to speak when those who accused him might come before him. That is seen in what Luke next records, “he said, ‘when your accusers also may have arrived.’”
 
Felix continues his thoughts using an aorist subjunctive verb. In other words, “when this, then this.” The anticipated trial is wholly dependent on the coming of his accusers. If none come, then there will be no trial. Every protection for Paul’s status as a Roman citizen is being afforded to him. Therefore, it next says, “having commanded him to be guarded in the Praetorium of Herod.”
 
Herod’s Praetorium was built by Herod the Great. A great deal of this building is still standing today. The praetorium itself was a judgment hall. Paul was to be kept in that area, but in this case the word translated as “guarded” apparently does not imply being held as a prisoner.
 
He would have been granted the respect of his citizenship while he awaited the trial to come. Thus, the act of guarding was less for the sake of keeping him bound as a prisoner than it was to keep him safe and secure as a citizen.
 
Life application: It has become evident in the UK and the US that being a citizen does not carry the same protections that it once did. Being a Christian who accepts the Bible as authoritative places a person at odds with the ruling authorities who reject the notion of the God who judges in righteousness.
 
Therefore, arresting citizens and holding them without due process under trumped up charges is becoming more common. The legal system does fight back against this, but all it will take is minor tweaks in the structure of these governments for even that to change.
 
From here on out, Christians must be willing to accept the fact that the faith they possess will be challenged by wholly corrupted leaders who are willing to test the true metal of those who profess their faith. Many will yield and deny what they have claimed all along. Others will be willing to hold fast to Jesus with all their hearts and souls.
 
The difference will be found in how they have been instructed on the salvation they have received and what that means for their future in Christ’s presence. Those who hold the absolute assurance that their faith is grounded on reality will be much more likely to put their lives aside now for the greater and eternal glory that lies ahead.
 
Be ready! The time may not be far off. When it comes, decisions will have to be made. Where do you intend to stand should the Lord tarry in His coming?
 
We praise You, Lord God! Nothing in this life compares to what You have promised Your people in the life to come, which is true life in Christ. In that day, give us the strength and fortitude to stand on the truth of Your word, never compromising with those who hate You and the doctrines You have conveyed to us in Your word. Yes, Lord, be with us. And we know You will be. Hallelujah and amen.

Acts 23:34

Sunday, 21 January 2024
 
And when the governor had read it, he asked what province he was from. And when he understood that he was from Cilicia, Acts 23:34
 
In the Greek, the words are full of participles, and the sentence remains incomplete until the next verse. More literally, it reads, “And the governor having read, and having asked from what province he is, and having learned that from Cilicia” (CG).
 
The previous verse told of the arrival of the Roman horsemen in Caesarea, where they delivered the letter to the governor and presented Paul to him. That next continues with, “And the governor having read.”
 
One can imagine the situation. The soldiers, along with Paul, were conducted into the main area where the governor sat. The letter bearer would have come forward, probably not saying a word but simply presenting the letter. Then, he would have stood at attention while the letter was read. Once the governor read it, it next says, “and having asked from what province he is.”
 
Luke begins the clause with an aorist participle and then uses a present tense verb, thus bringing the reader right into the proceedings – “What is his status?”
 
The question as to where Paul was from would have been the normal way of validating jurisdiction and being able to ascertain more information about the person at hand. This is the same thing that occurs in Luke 23:6. In the US, it is common for a similar question to be asked, such as, “What state are you from?”
 
We are not told who gave the response. It only says, “and having learned that from Cilicia.” There are a couple of possibilities concerning his question. Cambridge says –
 
“Cilicia had been at one time, and perhaps still was, attached to the province of Syria. It was so in the time of Quirinus. This will explain why at once Felix without question decided that, at the proper time, he would hear the cause.”
 
If Cilicia was not attached to Syria, then a formal note would probably have been sent out for either permission to try the case or to determine what they wanted to do with the matter. On the other hand, Vincent's Word Studies says that rather than asking what province Paul was from, his words ek poias eparchias signify “from what kind of a province?” 
 
In other words, Vincent’s Word Studies is stating that in this situation, the word poios is intended to mean “of what sort,” not merely “which.” As such, he is trying to determine if the province is senatorial or imperial. Cilicia was an imperial province.
 
Life application: The question concerning Paul’s province may seem irrelevant to us until we consider that the same type of question is asked of accused criminals thousands of times a day. What was the crime? Where was it perpetrated? What is the citizenship of the person who committed it? What is the legal status of the person who committed it?
 
All of these things must be determined before someone can be properly processed and tried. If a person is from Japan, something is learned about him. If he is in the US on a student visa, something more is now known. If he came here illegally, on a green card, or with diplomatic privileges, it makes a difference in whether he can even be charged at all.
 
Luke is carefully recording what happened so that the status of Paul in the coming verses will be more properly understood. Seemingly unimportant details may be extremely important if someone wants to question the Bible’s authenticity. A person who is well-informed about how legal matters were conducted in the Roman empire at Paul’s time may say, “This isn’t at all how things worked. The Bible is wrong.”
 
But with Luke carefully presenting what occurred, such arguments can be laid to rest. Therefore, should you come across such accusations, be sure to not just accept them at face value. Rather, because commentaries have been faithfully composed covering every verse in Scripture, there is a good chance that you will find one that covers exactly what you are looking for.
 
So carefully has the Bible been studied that even the nuances of single words – their tense, gender, etc., are carefully considered and commented on. Be sure that this word has been meticulously looked over and challenged. And yet, the brightest minds in history have concluded that this is, in fact, the sure word of God.
 
Heavenly Father, Your word is a gloriously constructed marvel of wisdom. It is presented to the world as a testament that You are truly working within the stream of time and human existence to reconcile man back to Yourself. Thank You for the elaborate and intricate detail of Your wonderful, superior word. Amen.