BIBLE IN TEN

Acts 28:20

Thursday, 20 June 2024
 
“For this reason therefore I have called for you, to see you and speak with you, because for the hope of Israel I am bound with this chain.” Acts 28:20
 
A literal reading says, “For this cause, therefore, I called you – to see and to speak – because for the hope of Israel, this chain surrounds me” (CG).
 
Paul had just told the Jews visiting him in his confinement that he was compelled to appeal to Caesar even though he had no accusation against his nation. Now, he continues, saying, “For this cause, therefore, I called you.”
 
This is based on verse 17 where it says he called the leaders of the Jews. A message would have been sent to the local synagogue imploring them to come and consult with him. That is seen in the next words which are briefly stated, “to see and to speak.”
 
The words are certainly to be taken as personal. He didn’t want to send a letter or have a messenger convey his words to them. Rather, he wanted to look them in the eyes, see their faces, and carry on a dialogue with them.
 
What he had to say was something that would naturally elicit questions from his listeners. To send a letter or a messenger who would speak out the substance of Paul’s word would only lead to many back-and-forth trips. Instead, by meeting with them, he would cut all of that out. He would also remove any chance of misperception of his words. When a question arose, he could answer it right then and there.
 
And so, he tells them the substance of why he called them in this manner, saying, “because for the hope of Israel, this chain surrounds me.”
 
Paul explicitly states the reason for having called them together. He had been sent to Rome as an innocent man who appealed for his right to exercise his faith which was recognized by Rome, but not by his own countrymen.
 
In order to reveal the substance of his faith he speaks of the hope of Israel. It is a term explicitly stated twice by Jeremiah, in Jeremiah 14:8 and 17:13. In both instances, the term is ascribed to the Lord, Yehovah. The Hebrew word is miqveh, something waited for. The coming of the Messiah was always understood to be that hope.
 
Paul was telling them that the Lord’s Messiah had arrived, and it was the reason for the chain surrounding him. The word chain is in the singular. It indicates that there was a Roman guard right there with him to whom one of his hands, probably his right, was chained.
 
What is rather interesting is the structure of the Greek in the type of punishment noted. The same word is used in both Mark 9:42 and Luke 17:2 to indicate a millstone hung around the neck. However, here the subject and object are reversed.
 
It is Paul who is said to be bound in the chain. This same structure is also found in Hebrews 5:2 when speaking of the high priest – 
 
“He can have compassion on those who are ignorant and going astray, since he himself is also subject to weakness [literally: weakness surrounds him].”
 
The Pulpit Commentary thus paraphrases this verse as, “I have asked you to come to me because this chain which binds me is not a token of a renegade Israelite who has come to Rome to accuse his nation before the heathen master, but of a faithful Israelite, who has endured bondage rather than forsake the hope of his fathers.”
 
Life application: Paul’s approach to conversing with these Jews is one that we should do our best to emulate when sharing the gospel. It is fine to hand out tracts, and sometimes that is the best way to act. Likewise, an email or a personal letter may be what the situation calls for.
 
However, if you can personally talk to a person about the gospel, or about a doctrinal matter that needs to be addressed, doing so face-to-face is the preferred option. When questions arise, you can see the facial expression, hear the tone of the voice, and so forth. In this, you can sense whether the person is scared, tense, frustrated, angry, etc. From there, you can adjust your conversation to make them less apprehensive.
 
And more, you can then avoid misperceptions of what is being said. An email carries no emotion, and it can easily be misunderstood because of this. It is also frustrating to ask a question and then have to wait. Therefore, the more you can communicate personally, the more likely you are to avoid such troubles that easily arise. John understood this –
 
“Having many things to write to you, I did not wish to do so with paper and ink; but I hope to come to you and speak face to face, that our joy may be full.” 2 John 1:12
 
Lord God, may our time discussing You with others be fruitful and productive. Help us to wisely use the resources available to us to share the good news and to provide sound instruction. But help us also not exclude the personal touch of face-to-face communication if possible. A lot can get done when we are willing to spend our time just opening up to others in a friendly conversation. Help us in this, O God. Amen.

Acts 28:19

Wednesday, 19 June 2024
 
“But when the Jews spoke against it, I was compelled to appeal to Caesar, not that I had anything of which to accuse my nation Acts 28:19
 
A bit more literally, “And the Jews, contradicting, I was compelled to appeal to Caesar – not as having something charged against my nation.” (CG).
 
Paul, speaking to his countrymen in Rome, just noted that the Romans found nothing to charge Paul with and wanted to let him go. Now, his words continue, saying, “And the Jews, contradicting.”
 
Still sticking to the main facts only, Paul gives the reason why he was in Rome bound in chains and facing a trial before Caesar. It is because the Jews, meaning the leaders of the Jews, spoke against the proclamation of innocence which had been rendered by the Roman authorities.
 
This caused a problem for the governor who wanted to have harmony with those under his jurisdiction. This exchange was recorded in Acts 25 –
 
“But Festus, wanting to do the Jews a favor, answered Paul and said, ‘Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem and there be judged before me concerning these things?’10 So Paul said, ‘I stand at Caesar’s judgment seat, where I ought to be judged. To the Jews I have done no wrong, as you very well know. 11 For if I am an offender, or have committed anything deserving of death, I do not object to dying; but if there is nothing in these things of which these men accuse me, no one can deliver me to them. I appeal to Caesar.’12 Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, ‘You have appealed to Caesar? To Caesar you shall go!’” Acts 25:9-12
 
Paul now recalls these facts for the ears of those in Rome, saying, “I was compelled to appeal to Caesar.”
 
The request of the Jews left him with no choice but to appeal to Rome. He doesn’t explain the details at this time, but the brevity is all that is needed for the purpose of the meeting. His delicacy concerning this matter becomes evident though as he continues by saying, “not as having something charged against my nation.”
 
Instead of defending himself against those who wished him harm, he showed himself a patriotic Jew in the highest sense. Whether they knew he was a Pharisee or not isn’t stated, but it is probable. His speech and demeanor would show he was also well educated.
 
And yet, he shows that he never put his Roman citizenship above his ties to his Jewish brothers. Despite having been unfairly treated by his own countrymen, he waited until necessity demanded it before appealing to Rome. As the Pulpit Commentary notes –
 
“Undazzled by the splendor of Rome and the power of the Roman people, his heart is with his own despised nation, ‘that they might be saved.’ He wishes it to be well with them; he wants them to understand his position; he speaks to them as a kinsman and a brother. His appeal to Caesar had been of necessity - to save his life. But he was not going to accuse his brethren before the dominant race. His first desire was that they should be his friends, and share with him the hope of the gospel of Christ.”
 
Life application: Paul was clearly wronged by the leaders of his nation, and it was for the sake of the gospel. The Jews hated the thought that he was telling Gentiles that they had the same rights and benefits to the Lord God of Israel that they possessed.
 
And yet, they had spent not only their entire lives serving under the Law of Moses, but their nation, since its inception as the people of the Lord at Mount Sinai, had struggled under the law. Despite this, Paul was telling people who never had the law, who didn’t even know what the law demanded, that they were on equal footing with those who officiated at the temple on behalf of Israel.
 
This was, to them, intolerable. How dare a rogue Jew proclaim that their law was not binding on the nations because one of their people had died under that law and supposedly resurrected! It was incomprehensible, and to them, it was the epitome of blasphemy.
 
This same attitude permeates the Jewish mind and culture to this day. They alone believe that they are in God’s favor and that all others are a separate category. There are Jews, and there is everything else.
 
But Paul clearly shows that this is not the case. In fact, it is quite the opposite –
 
“For circumcision is indeed profitable if you keep the law; but if you are a breaker of the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision. 26 Therefore, if an uncircumcised man keeps the righteous requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be counted as circumcision? 27 And will not the physically uncircumcised, if he fulfills the law, judge you who, even with your written code and circumcision, are a transgressor of the law? 28 For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh; 29 but he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the Spirit, not in the letter; whose praise is not from men but from God.” Romans 2:25-29
 
The time of the law served its purpose. That time ended when Christ died in fulfillment of it. Now, something new has been ushered in. Be sure to live for God apart from personal merit. If you inject yourself into the equation, you are saying that what He has done wasn’t enough. Don’t be so deluded as that. Think rightly. Praise God in Christ for having done it all!
 
Lord God, we don’t need to worry about how we can be pleasing to You. Your word tells us the simple means by which it comes about. When we trust in the all-sufficient work of Jesus, You are satisfied with that. Thank You for the simplicity of the gospel, O God. Amen.
 

Acts 28:18

Tuesday, 18 June 2024
 
“who, when they had examined me, wanted to let me go, because there was no cause for putting me to death. Acts 28:18
 
A more literal rendering would be, “Who, having examined me, wanted to release, because nota reason of death being in me” (CG).
 
In the previous verse, Paul began his personal defense concerning his situation with the Jews in Jerusalem in his conversation with the Jews in Rome, noting that he was delivered into the hands of the Romans. Having said that, he now continues with, “Who, having examined me.”
 
This is a brief summary of a line of examinations, one leading to another over the course of two years. But even without all of the details, it would be obvious that the Romans would have done a thorough job checking out the facts of the matter. However, even after this, they “wanted to release.”
 
Immediately following the words of his betrayal by his own countrymen, Paul acknowledges that the Romans had nothing worthy of charging him and releasing him would be the appropriate thing to do.
 
This again shows that what was found worthy of punishment by Jerusalem, meaning a matter of Jewish law, was not considered as such by Rome. Rome found his actions in accord with the freedom of religious expression granted to the Jews. In short, his faith was considered a subsect of Judaism and was religio licita.
 
In review, this included Lysias, Felix, Festus, and Agrippa. All had interrogated him, and all had been in agreement concerning his status. His innocence before Rome while being hounded by the Jews parallels that of Jesus, such as in Luke 23:4 & 14. Paul next says that their wanting to release him was “because nota reason of death being in me.”
 
The word translated as “nota” literally means “not one.” Therefore, nota is a single word to match the intent. There was not a single charge made against him that was sufficient for him to receive capital punishment, even if the Jews demanded that it should be so. Paul’s use of a present verb indicates that not only was he innocent, but he continued in that state even now. However, in the next verse, he will explain the reason why he remains in chains, despite his state of innocence.
 
Life application: The book of Acts has included a continuous stream of occasions where the Jews tried to disassociate the Christian faith from their religious system of belief. This has been countered, time and again, by the Roman government that God allowed to be the judge of such matters over Israel at the time.
 
One cannot rightfully say that because these were Romans making the decisions they are invalid. That would be to usurp what God had ordained. Israel is his people. It is the Lord who decided who would rule over them, be it their own king, the Babylonians, the Romans, or even Jesus of the future.
 
The Jews cannot have it both ways and say “Yes, this, but not this.” Their very existence and continued existence are at the will of the Lord. How He determines it will be is up to Him. As the Roman government, who ruled over Israel at the time, determined that Christianity was an acceptable extension of the Jewish religion, it was so.
 
Hence, we have the written record of the growth of this valid extension of Judaism, the one that God determined should be in order to carry His message concerning Jesus to the nations. Anyone who argues against the doctrines of Paul or the other apostles is, therefore, arguing against what God had determined.
 
Be careful to not get swayed by the modern Judaizers who attack the gospel of salvation which is by grace through faith. Works are not included because God has done everything necessary to secure our salvation. We simply accept that, believe, and we are saved.
 
Along with the Judaizers, though, are those who add works after being saved in order to keep being saved. Judaizers front load the gospel, these back load it and say that we must “do” in order to continue in God’s favor. Even if people use a term like “easy believism” as a pejorative, this is exactly what God has ordained. We believe and are saved, and it is once and done.
 
Having said that, belief is actually not that easy. We have to put ourselves aside and trust in God alone to carry us back to Himself. Letting go of self is a hard thing to do. Despite this, the gospel truly is easy believism. There are no other strings attached. Thank God for the simplicity of being saved once we remove ourselves from the equation.
 
Lord God, thank You for Jesus Christ our Lord who has done everything necessary to restore us to You forever. Yes! Thank You, O God, for Jesus Christ our Lord and Savior. Amen.
 

Acts 28:17

Monday, 17 June 2024
 
And it came to pass after three days that Paul called the leaders of the Jews together. So when they had come together, he said to them: “Men and brethren, though I have done nothing against our people or the customs of our fathers, yet I was delivered as a prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans, Acts 28:17
 
The Greek more closely reads, “And it was, after three days, Paul called together those being leaders of the Jews. And they, having come together, he said to them ‘I – men, brothers – having done nothing against the people or the customs of our fathers, I was delivered a prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans’” (CG).
 
In the previous verse, it noted that Paul was delivered with the prisoners to the captain of the guard. From there, he was permitted to dwell by himself with a soldier guarding him. Now that he is in his accommodations but in bonds and guarded, it next says, “And it was, after three days.”
 
This is probably stated to show that he gave full attention to the Christians who so honorably greeted him before calling together the Jews. He spent enough time with them to get to know them, talk about all that had happened, and to answer any questions that they may have had. Now it was time to address his brothers according to the flesh. And so, it next says, “Paul called together those being leaders of the Jews.”
 
It was shown in Acts 18:2 that Claudius had expelled the Jews from Rome, but that order had been allowed to lapse and the Jews had returned. Those who were the leaders were specified to come and meet with him.
 
The reason was certainly at least twofold. First, he would present them with the gospel, and he would also defend this stand for his faith as a believing Jew which resulted in his chains. Therefore, Luke next records, “And they, having come together, he said to them ‘I – men, brothers – having done nothing against the people or the customs of our fathers.”
 
He begins with an emphatic “I.” He is ensuring right off the bat that they understand that any word that may have arrived against him was untrue. In order to make his defense, he then notes that everything he had done was in accord with both his life as a Jew and the heritage that made him a Jew.
 
There is a definite article before the word people. It is not “our people,” but literally, “the people.” It is the special mark that he fully identifies them as the chosen people and that he is among them. He was careful to be respectful of the people and their customs. Despite this, he next says, “I was delivered a prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans.”
 
Paul acknowledges that it is his own people who handed him over, as indicated in the words “from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans.” It is an implication that he was betrayed by the leaders of “the people” despite his innocence concerning those things he had been accused of.
 
Life application: The people of any given nation are under the authority of those who are in charge. Therefore, whether they have done anything wrong individually, they bear the consequences of the decisions of the leaders.
 
There were probably many Germans before WWII who didn’t know much about what was going on. They were living their lives like any normal people. Suddenly, a family would receive a note that the oldest son had been drafted into the army. A few months later, they receive a note that he had died in battle.
 
The decisions of the leaders have negatively impacted the lives of a family who really had no idea why their son was taken from them. In Israel, the people hailed Jesus as their Messiah on Palm Sunday. However, the leadership – those who stood for the nation – rejected Him. Despite many individuals heralding Jesus, He spoke to Jerusalem, meaning the leaders of the nation and who represented the nation as a whole, saying –
 
“O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the one who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you were not willing! 38 See! Your house is left to you desolate; 39 for I say to you, you shall see Me no more till you say, ‘Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!’” Matthew 23:37-39
 
The leaders of the nation had Jesus crucified. Even after His resurrection, they continued to reject Him. In fulfillment of Jesus’ words concerning the sign of Jonah (forty days representing forty years), the nation was destroyed, and the people were exiled.
 
The point is that in some nations, we can choose our leaders. We must choose wisely. If we put our fists in God’s face and elect those who will not honor the Lord, negative consequences will result. If we elect leaders that are always getting the nation into wars, our sons and daughters may die in battle because of it.
 
Think through what you will do on election day. The leaders represent your nation before God. Choosing a bad leader may lead you to find yourself in bad circumstances.
 
Glorious Lord God, as Christians, Jesus is our Head and Leader. However, we still have to live in this world until the day our placement changes. Help us to make wise decisions concerning our lives and the circumstances in which we find ourselves. May each of our decisions include You in the process. In this, we can hope for peace and tranquility through the days of our lives. Amen.
 

Acts 28:16

Sunday, 16 May 2024
 
Now when we came to Rome, the centurion delivered the prisoners to the captain of the guard; but Paul was permitted to dwell by himself with the soldier who guarded him. Acts 28:16
 
The NKJV is just a tad off in the tense of the final verb: “And when we came to Rome, the centurion delivered the prisoners to the commander of the army. And Paul was allowed to stay by himself with the soldier guarding him” (CG).
 
In the previous verse, those in the church at Rome came out a day’s journey to meet him as he was entering the city. Now, the narrative continues with, “And when we came to Rome.”
 
The promise and prophecy of the Lord found in Acts 27:11 has been realized –
 
“But the following night the Lord stood by him and said, ‘Be of good cheer, Paul; for as you have testified for Me in Jerusalem, so you must also bear witness at Rome.’”
 
With him having safely arrived, even if as a prisoner, Luke next notes that “the centurion delivered the prisoners to the commander of the army.”
 
Here is another word found only once in Scripture, stratopedarches. It is derived from stratopedon, an encamped army, and archo, to reign or rule.
 
Of note is that the name Julius was only mentioned in Acts 27:1 and 27:3. Other than that, he is called the centurion. The reason may be that this book may have been written for the purpose of being an official record of the establishment of Christianity within the parameters of Judaism.
 
As Judaism was officially sanctioned by Rome, then if Christianity was considered under the umbrella of Judaism, it would also be considered a religion sanctioned by Rome. In order to keep any hint of impropriety away from the actions of Julius, such as giving too much favoritism or privilege to Paul, his name is carefully left out of the record.
 
It could even be that after such a long time together with Paul, he became a believer himself. If so, then that could possibly cast a negative light on his dealings with Paul. As an officer, he would be required to execute his duties to Rome in an impartial manner. This is exactly how Luke details his conduct.
 
He is not mentioned by name even though a strong bond of respect had grown between him and his travel companion Paul. And so, it merely records now that it was “the centurion” who delivered the prisoners to the captain of the guard. No special note is made concerning Paul. Luke lumps him in with all the others for the official handover to their new keeper.
 
With that complete, it next says, “And Paul was allowed to stay by himself with the soldier guarding him.”
 
Even before the sentence ends, Paul’s status is brought back into the narrative, showing that he was considered a prisoner, even if he had certain privileges extended to him. For this, no reason is given.
 
If a letter accompanied him from Festus to allow this, it would probably have been stated as such. If it was because he was a Roman citizen, Luke may have said this as well. If it was because of him being a better class of prisoner, Luke would have certainly expressed it. However, the reason is left unstated.
 
Luke’s silence on why the treatment is granted to Paul speaks out loudly, allowing us room to speculate. Many scholars have stated their guesses. It could be that Julius himself noted Paul’s situation, his status, and his character to the captain of the guard.
 
If his time with Paul was fraught with grief, he would have said, “Watch this fellow, he’s as slippery as an eel.” If so, no such freedoms would have been forthcoming. Instead, it appears that a good word concerning Paul was passed on.
 
Whatever the truth of the matter, Julius had certainly heard the gospel numerous times in the months he had spent with Paul. He had seen the snake bite him on the night they were shipwrecked. He had seen the healings of the people on Malta, he had personally known the high and noteworthy character of Paul, and he had seen how Paul had held fast to the Lord he claimed to honor.
 
If Julius became a believer during his time with Paul, he must have been one whose faith was well grounded in the same hope of Christ that Paul had expressed. If he never came to faith in Christ, it would be hard to think of a person more worthy of condemnation on that great Day of Judgment than him.
 
He had been exposed to the Christian faith like few others ever had. He had accompanied the Lord’s personal choice to carry this wondrous message to the Gentile world. We can look to see if his name is on the rolls of the redeemed shortly after we arrive there.
 
In Paul’s confinement, he is given pretty much the same type of treatment that he had during his time in Caesarea. He would be chained directly to the soldier appointed to guard him. Together, they lived in their own dwelling as they awaited Paul’s continued trial before the Roman government.
 
Life application: We are asked to accept the gospel by faith. We have the fully complete word of God to help us reason out our faith. It is not a blind step into darkness, but a bold step into God’s revealed light. What more do we need?
 
We should not be anticipating signs to accompany our doubts or to help us make a decision for accepting or rejecting the gospel. Everything we need to make a reasonable conclusion about what God has done is available to us. In the pages of the Bible, may you find the hope that God has accomplished everything necessary to return you to Himself. And then may you make the wise decision to accept the simple gospel of your salvation.
 
Christ died for your sins according to Scripture. He was buried. He rose again on the third day, according to Scripture. Believe, to the saving of your soul!
 
Lord God, within Your word is the simple message that You have done everything necessary to restore us to Yourself. Even if the Bible is a big and complicated book, the overall message is not. Jesus! We need Jesus who has done it all for us. Help us to have faith that it is so and to be saved through the good news found in Your word. Amen.
 

Acts 28:15

Saturday, 15 June 2024
 
And from there, when the brethren heard about us, they came to meet us as far as Appii Forum and Three Inns. When Paul saw them, he thanked God and took courage. Acts 28:15
 
The Greek is much more literally translated as, “And from there, the brothers, having heard these concerning us, came out to our meeting unto Appii Forum and Three Taverns – whom, Paul having seen, having thanked God, took courage” (CG).
 
In the previous verse, Paul and his companions stayed in Puteoli for seven days and then came to Rome. Now, in explanation of that, it says, “And from there, the brothers, having heard these concerning us.”
 
Apparently, notification had been sent during their stay at Puteoli about the coming of Paul with details as to when he would arrive. In what is obviously eager anticipation, the church at Rome came out en masse as if welcoming a great hero of battle or government. Paul and those with him arrived in the outskirts of Rome and those awaiting him “came out to our meeting unto Appii Forum and Three Taverns.”
 
The reason why they would have gone no further than this is that he could have arrived by either canal or by road. Without being certain, this would be the point where the two met and they were sure to meet up with him.
 
This spot is said to be around 50 miles from Rome and is called this because of Appius Claudius who made the route from Rome to there. Hence, it is called the Appian Way. At that spot, there was a statue set up in his honor.
 
Such a place which had a statue set in this manner would be called by the Romans fora. Hence, we use the term Appii Forum. Others came as far as the Three Inns, or the Three Taverns.
 
This was a bit closer to Rome, about 33 miles from it. It could be that these came less distance because of age, because of work, or because of some other reason. However, all of them came a full day’s travel to welcome the man who had written to them the “Constitution of Christianity” about three years earlier. Because of this reception, Luke next records, “whom, Paul having seen, having thanked God, took courage.”
 
Paul probably had no idea that such a greeting would meet him. In their appearance so far from Rome, it indicated that they felt a fraternal bond of love for him which was in no way diminished by his chains. The flock was there to welcome this shepherd of the faith without regard to any of the lies he had been subjected to by his false accusers.
 
A word found only here in Scripture is seen, tharsos. It signifies confidence or courage. It is derived from thrasus, bold. Luke continues to fill the pages of Scripture with rare or unique words.
 
Life application: Imagine the happiness that Paul must have felt at the reception he received. He was still a day’s travel from where the congregation lived within the city, and yet they had made the extraordinary measure of coming a full day’s journey out to receive him.
 
He and those with him had been on an exceptionally long and difficult journey. To have a reception such as was given him would have given him even more confidence than he could have imagined. Luke, too, would have been completely encouraged by this gesture.
 
Should you have the opportunity to welcome others in such a manner, or tend to them in an unusual way, your kindness will not go unnoticed, both with those you are tending to and to the Lord Himself. Think of ways you can extend yourself to others.
 
If someone is in the hospital, be sure to visit. If someone is ailing, check on him through a phone call or email. Letting people know you are thinking of them is letting them know you care about them. So, take the time to reach out to them.
 
Lord God, thank You for those who are especially aware of the needy state of others and who extend themselves in various ways to tend to them. Help us to be more like this as well. May we be willing to show that others are important to us through the things we do and the assistance we provide. Amen.
 

Acts 28:14

Friday, 14 June 2024
 
where we found brethren, and were invited to stay with them seven days. And so we went toward Rome. Acts 28:14
 
The NKJV needs to be tweaked, “Where, having found brothers, we were called upon them to remain seven days. And so, to Rome, we came” (CG).
 
The previous verse revealed the travel from Rhegium to Puteoli. The narrative in Puteoli now begins with, “Where, having found brothers.”
 
Some scholars dismiss these brothers as being only brothers of Paul, meaning Jews. However, Luke is the author of this letter and the “we” clearly indicates that this is inclusive of himself.
 
Therefore, these were Christians who had already spread out as far as this city of Italy. In Hebrews 13:24, we read, “Greet all those who rule over you, and all the saints. Those from Italy greet you.”
 
If this was speaking of the church at Rome, it probably would have said so. In other words, “Those from Rome greet you.” For this reason, it is more than likely that these are believers who are being referred to.
 
Further, it only says “brothers,” not “the brothers.” In other words, it appears that upon their arrival, they didn't know that there were Christians there. Having found them, it next says, “we were called upon them to remain seven days.”
 
Somehow Paul and the others found out that these were fellow believers. They were greeted by them, and then they were called upon to stay a full week with them. This is the same length of time that they stayed at both Troas (20:6) and Tyre (21:4).
 
It appears that Julius the centurion had no problem allowing the additional time which was probably intended to allow at least one and maybe two Sunday gatherings with these Christians. It also may be that, as previously speculated, Julius himself may have been a convert.
 
With a week of fellowshipping with them, it next says, “And so, to Rome, we came.”
 
Some translations, along with the NKJV, say that they went toward Rome. Most versions, however, say that they came to Rome. The word can mean either, but the stress in the Greek is on the word came – “And so, to Rome, we came.” The entire 140-mile trip is summarized in this one sentence. Verse 15 merely explains the occurrence upon their arrival.
 
Life application: We don’t know how many people lived in Puteoli at the time, but it was a city with many people. And yet, these men found believers. It is unlikely this happened while sitting in a restaurant. It appears that Paul went to a synagogue and asked if there were any known Christians in the city.
 
It is hard to see how else they could have found them unless cities had boards with various people or activities listed which people could read and then contact those with similar interests. However they found these believers, they certainly made a concerted effort to do so.
 
When you are traveling, do you take time to attend church somewhere? Is meeting other Christians and sharing in the faith something that is important to you at all times, or is it just something you do in your local area because you are familiar with the people you attend with?
 
It is true that today we can attend church online or listen to podcasts at any time, even while on vacation, but are you even doing that? In other words, is taking a weekend off with the wife or family a time to ignore church? The two hours you spend on Sunday morning, even if just attending your church online, shouldn’t be ignored.
 
Be sure to include the Lord in your routine. In fact, with podcasts – tens of thousands of them available at your fingertips – you can attend church all day every day. Great preachers of the past, and those who are still alive today, are available for free online, including all of their sermons and studies.
 
Be sure to take full advantage of this marvelous time in which we live to get closer and closer to the Lord through whatever means are available to you. How blessed we are to have the ability to do so.
 
Lord God, there are ten jillion things that come at us all day every day, vying for our attention. And yet, if we are wise, we will spend our time focusing on You, on Your word, and on fellowship with those who will keep us on the right path as we proceed. May we do this, to Your glory, O God. Amen.

Acts 28:13

Thursday, 13 June 2024
 
From there we circled round and reached Rhegium. And after one day the south wind blew; and the next day we came to Puteoli, Acts 28:13
 
A more literal translation is, “From where, having gone around, we arrived at Rhegium. And after one day, having come upon an Auster, the second day we came to Puteoli” (CG).
 
Luke just noted that they had landed at Syracuse and stayed three days. Now, the journey to Rome continues with, “From where, having gone around.”
 
The words “from where” refer to Syracuse which is on the southeast corner of Sicily. Leaving that port, they had to make a bit of a sweeping motion. Of the words, “having gone around,” the KJV says, “And from thence we fetched a compass.” The Berean Study Bible says, “From there we weighed anchor.”
 
It is generally accepted that the Greek term is speaking of making a circuitous route around Sicily. As Syracuse is on the southeast corner of the island, and they need to head northward to the Italian peninsula, they set sail and worked off the coast of Sicily to reach their destination.
 
It was probably a west or a northwest wind at this time and this caused them to head out to sea in order to catch the winds while traveling north. Thus, one gets the idea of circling around, or going around, instead of traveling straight to their destination. From there, it next says, “we arrived at Rhegium.”
 
Rhegium, now known as Reggio, is on the southwest extremity of the toe of Italy. According to Wikipedia, Reggio “commonly and officially referred to as Reggio Calabria, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, is the largest city in Calabria as well as the seat of the Regional Council of Calabria. It has an estimated population between 150,000 and 200,000 and is the twenty-first most populous city in Italy, after Modena and other Italian cities, and the 100th most populated city in Europe. Reggio Calabria is located near the center of the Mediterranean and is known for its climate, ethnic and cultural diversity. It is the third economic centre of mainland Southern Italy. About 560,000 people live in the metropolitan area, recognised in 2015 by Italy as a metropolitan city.”
 
The city is right at the southern opening of the Straits of Messina. These straits pass between Sicily and Italy. They connect the Tyrrhenian Sea to the north with the Ionian Sea to the south. At its narrowest point, it measures 1.9 miles in width. However, near the town of Messina the width is some 3.2 miles. It has a maximum depth of 830 feet.
 
Certainly because of the narrowness of the straits and the contrary wind, they stopped at Rhegium. However, Luke next records, “And after one day, having come upon an Auster.”
 
The words “having come upon” are from a word found only here in Scripture, epiginomai. It is derived from two words signifying “upon” and “to come about.” The word translated as Auster is the same word as in Acts 27:13, notos. It signifies the South and thus a south wind. A single English word which corresponds to this is Auster, a south wind. Once this favorable wind came upon them, it next says, “the second day we came to Puteoli.”
 
Here is another word unique to Scripture, deuteraios. It is derived from deuteros, second, and signifies the second day. With the favorable wind that came from the south, it allowed them to pass through the straits. Once through the straits, they were able to sail all the way to Puteoli.
 
This is the modern city known as Pozzuoli. It is located very near Naples and was once a port city. Today, however, it is too shallow for large ships to arrive at. Its name means “The wells.” Being known for its warm baths, it is supposed that is how it got its name. Some relevant information from the era that these men arrived there is found in Wikipedia –
 
“Puteoli became the great emporium for the Alexandrian grain ships and other ships from all over the Roman world. It also was the main hub for goods exported from Campania, including blown glass, mosaics, wrought iron, and marble. Lucilius wrote in about 125 BC that it was second only to Delos in importance, then the greatest harbour of the ancient world. Many inscriptions show that a polyglot population established companies (stationes) for trade and transport and formed professional guilds for arts, crafts and religious associations for foreign cults; they included Greeks from the islands and the coast of Asia, Jews and later Christians. Under the Roman Empire, it was the greatest emporium of foreign trade in all of Italy. Trade with Tyre was so important that the Tyrians established a factory there in 174.”
 
Life application: In one verse, travel has gone from Syracuse to Rhegium to Puteoli. The population of these three cities totals about four hundred thousand people. Think of how many of them may have never heard of Jesus. Now imagine that you encounter people just like them throughout the week or even every day. They may never have heard of Jesus. Who is going to tell them? If not you, then who?
 
If you are saved, hooray for Jesus in your life. But be sure to now tell others about what He has done for you, and indeed for all the people of the world. Without hearing about Him, people cannot be saved. Hopefully, you will be affected enough about their plight to at least try to share what you know.
 
Lord God, help us to be responsible in sharing our faith in Jesus. We have family, friends, and acquaintances that need to hear the good news. We go to restaurants and are served by people that may have never been told the simple message of Your goodness to us in sending Jesus. Help us, O God, to faithfully proclaim what we know. Amen.
 

Acts 28:12

Wednesday, 12 June 2024
 
And landing at Syracuse, we stayed three days. Acts 28:12
 
The verb is an aorist participle, “And having brought down at Syracuse, we stayed three days” (CG).
 
In the previous verse, Paul and those with him departed Malta after having been there for three months. Luke continues this next leg of the journey, beginning with, “And having brought down.”
 
Departing on a ship is to go up to the high seas. When arriving at a new destination, one comes down again. The ship was brought down from the sea “at Syracuse.”
 
Syracuse, or Surakousai in Greek, is a city noted only here in the Bible. It is a city which was made famous during the Peloponnesian war. It was, and still is, a flourishing town of Sicily. It is 92 miles as the crow flies from Malta, but a bit more by boat because it is on the southeast corner of the coast of Sicily.
 
It can be reached in a bit over a day by boat. Ships bound from Alexandria on their way to Italy frequently put in there. It was one of the major powers of the Mediterranean world at this time. They probably stopped there to sell and offload wares and then pick up any other things or travelers for their continued voyage. Today Syracuse has a population of about 125,000.
 
Once the ship arrived there, Luke next notes that “we stayed three days.” The ship they were on had been at Malta over the winter. If the men were on the same ship when leaving Syracuse, it may be that it took three days to offload cargo and load on other things.
 
Or it may be that they switched ships to continue their journey to Rome and the first one departing took three days to get a booking on. Luke does not explain the matter either way but simply gives the duration of time they were in Syracuse. After three months on Malta, three days at this location would have flown by.
 
Life application: Speaking of flying by, the NKJV says the ship was “landing at Syracuse.” Not only is the tense of the verb wrong, but that can have more than one meaning. Landing at Syracuse may mean on the other side of the Atlantic!
 
Hancock International Airport is a city owned, joint civil-military airport five miles northeast of downtown Syracuse, in Onondaga County, New York.
 
The airport is off Interstate 81 near Mattydale, New York. Wikipedia says that “In 1927 Syracuse mayor Charles Hanna felt his city needed an airport. A location at Amboy in the town of Camillus, New York was purchased for $50,000, and by 1928, the ‘Syracuse City Airport at Amboy’ was handling airmail.”
 
At the end of World War II, the United States Army Air Corps leased their bomber base near Mattydale, New York to the city. On September 17, 1949, the Clarence E. Hancock Airport opened to the public using a renovated machine shop as a terminal, and replaced the airport at Amboy. To learn more about this airport at Syracuse, refer to their website on the internet. 
 
This might sound like a pointless diversion concerning another location named Syracuse, but it is given to highlight the fact that there are innumerable locations in the United States that are named based on other locations, many are right out of the Bible.
 
The movement of people from one location to another where there had not yet been a name given for the place necessitated those new locations be given names. Some are obvious, such as New York being named based on the movement of people from York in the UK. Others are obvious because of the connection to famous biblical sights, such as Bethlehem, New York, and Canaan, Connecticut.
 
However, many other areas also have biblical names that may not be as famous. In Connecticut, there is Sharon, Gilead, Hebron, Mount Carmel, and so forth. This trend continues in many states throughout the US. A rich biblical heritage permeates the nation’s founding. However, those traditions are quickly fading away. The prosperity of the people, and the movement to a non-biblical worldview, have erased much of the Christian heritage of the land.
 
If you are familiar with biblical names of people and places, you can use that familiarity to start conversations with people and form a connection between the name and its source. From there, you can then bring in the overall message of the Bible, that it is the story of God’s plan of redemption of man from the power of sin and the devil, all focused on Jesus.
 
When they see a connection between their name or the name of their city with the Bible, they may want to know more. Be ready at all times to think of interesting ways of getting people interested in knowing more about the word! It is the message that can change the eternal destiny of people from a not-so-happy ending to an eternity of delight.
 
Lord God, help us to always be ready to share the good news of Jesus Christ with others. May our words bring them to want to know more and to become interested in reading Your word. People need Jesus and the Bible tells us about Him. So, Lord, help us in this! Amen.

Acts 28:11

Tuesday, 11 June 2024
 
After three months we sailed in an Alexandrian ship whose figurehead was the Twin Brothers, which had wintered at the island. Acts 28:11
 
The words are more literally translated, “And after three months, we went up in a ship having been wintered in the Island, Alexandrian, figure-headed Dioscuri” (CG).
 
In the previous verse, Luke noted that the islanders honored Paul and him in many ways, noting that when they departed, they were provided things that were necessary. Now, Luke speaks of the actual departure, saying, “And after three months.”
 
This means that it was likely about early to mid-February. Some speculate it was as early as the month of January, others date it as late as March. The point is that they continued through the dangerous winter months while sailing was too hazardous.
 
The ship remained over the winter on the island until the time when it was safe to once again engage in commerce on the high seas. With the winter ending, the sailing would again be favorable. Therefore, Luke next notes, “we went up in a ship having been wintered in the Island.”
 
Being a perfect participle, it means that the ship was wintered there, and it continued to winter there until the time that it could again go up to the high seas. This ship was heading in the right direction for the continued travel to Rome, and so it was employed for the next leg of the journey. Of this ship, Luke notes it was “Alexandrian, figure-headed Dioscuri.”
 
These words continue to show that Melita is, in fact, Malta. Malta would fall on the course from Alexandria to Italy, and so the identification of the ship as Alexandrian gives a good indication of the fact that the island was most likely Malta.
 
The word translated as figure-headed is parasémos. It comes from para, beside or by the side of, and séma, a sign or mark. Thus, a most literal translation would be “side-marked.” However, the intent is that of a figurehead.
 
Some ancient ships were side-marked with paintings, such as large eyes or other symbols like fighter jets display today. Others had carved images on them. Being the Dioscuri, it would seem likely these were carvings which then may have been highlighted with paint.
 
The word used to describe them is Dioskouroi, a word found only here in Scripture. It is derived from Dios which refers to Zeus and the plural of kouros, boy. Thus, it means the two sons of Zeus and Leda, Castor and Pollux. They were the patrons of sailors.
 
Due to the nature of the word, the translation can be literal, Dioscuri, or any suitable translation that conveys the message, such as “twin gods,” “twin brothers,” “Castor and Pollux,” “the Castors,” “the sign of the Twins,” “the Heavenly Twins,” etc.
 
Each gives an acceptable description intended to convey what Luke meant with the single word Dioskouroi. Of these guardian deities of sailors, Ellicott notes –
 
“In Greek mythology, Zeus had rewarded their brotherly devotion by placing them among the stars as the Gemini, which were connected with the month of May in the signs of the Zodiac, and Poseidon (= Neptune) had given them power over the winds and waves that they might assist the shipwrecked. So in the Helena of Euripides they appear, in 1550–60, as promising a fair wind and a safe voyage. The figure-heads of the Greek and Roman ships were commonly placed both at the prow and the stern.”
 
What is unusual is that Luke has never noted the figurehead on any ship that they had sailed on in his previous accounts. And the number of ships would not have been small. For example, he notes that sometimes they changed ships while in a harbor, taking another to get to their intended destinationy. This would have been quite common, changing ships from one harbor to the next.
 
Despite this, the account now – when leaving Malta – is the only time a figurehead is described. Of this, Benson says, “And yet, in a ship having such an idolatrous image, Paul did not refuse to sail, considering it as being only the name of the ship.”
 
Paul was a prisoner being conducted to Rome, he had no choice in what ship he traveled, and it is certain that the majority, if not all, of the ships they had traveled on had figureheads. Therefore, it is irrelevant that it was an idolatrous image.
 
What seems likely is that Luke included this to show a contrast to what had occurred upon their arrival. As that ship certainly had a figurehead, and maybe even the same one as the ship they were now departing on (being the patron of sailors), such figureheads were irrelevant in providing protection to a ship.
 
The Lord had been with Paul. He had assured the safety of every person on the ship, He had followed through with that, and He had demonstrated His hand upon Paul when the viper bit him and He continued to be with Paul as he laid hands upon the sick and healed them. And more, this journey to Rome is the fulfillment of the words of the Lord that Paul would bear witness at Rome (Acts 23:11).
 
Luke has, therefore, set a contrast to the effective workings of the Lord and the ineffective protection of false idols made by man’s hands.
 
Life application: Despite Benson’s comments not fitting the narrative, his words are correct that the images on the ship were idolatrous. People were putting their trust in something that is a part of creation rather than in the Creator.
 
The Bible mentions several constellations, acknowledging that they are as real as the planets. If God uses the constellations to tell a story, that is not the same thing as God allowing those things to be objects of worship or luck.
 
In Judges 9, Jotham uses the trees as an allegory. The Lord does this elsewhere as well. However, this doesn’t mean that the trees have any power in and of themselves. They are simply used to convey a story or prophecy. We must be careful to distinguish between such things.
 
Also, it would be ludicrous to refuse to travel on a ship or airplane that has figureheads on it. Paul addresses such notions when dealing with foods sacrificed to idols in 1 Corinthians. Those things are nothing. As long as we remember that and have our hearts and minds directed to the Lord, we don’t need to worry about what the world is doing.
 
Our hope is not in a carving, a painting, or a constellation. Rather, our hope is in the One who created all things and who has revealed Himself in Scripture and in the Person of Jesus Christ our Lord.
 
Heavenly Father, we know that an idol is nothing at all. It cannot help and it cannot harm. When our eyes look to the stars and constellations, we see Your hand of creation, not deities that can help us with our problems or direct our futures. May we always remember these things and focus our hearts and attention on You alone. Amen.
 

Acts 28:10

Monday, 10 June 2024
 
They also honored us in many ways; and when we departed, they provided such things as were necessary. Acts 28:10
 
The words are much sparser in the Greek, and much must be inferred, “And who honored us many honors, and going up they laid upon for the necessity.” (CG).
 
The previous verse noted that the others on the island, having heard Paul healed Publius’ father, came to him with their diseases and were healed. Because of this, it next says, “And who honored us many honors.”
 
In other words, because Paul was able to heal them, and because he spent his time doing so, the kindness of Paul and Luke was rewarded by the people. The word translated as honor indicates a price. Vincent's Word Studies says –
 
“The word was applied to payments for professional services, and that fact may have influenced Luke in selecting it; but it is evidently not used in that sense here.”
 
Whether it was payment or gifts, honors of some tangible nature were bestowed upon them for their efforts. However, other scholars disagree. Some of them show concern that accepting compensation for their work would be a violation of Matthew 10 –
 
“These twelve Jesus sent out and commanded them, saying: ‘Do not go into the way of the Gentiles, and do not enter a city of the Samaritans. 6 But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7 And as you go, preach, saying, ‘The kingdom of heaven is at hand.’ 8 Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons. Freely you have received, freely give. 9 Provide neither gold nor silver nor copper in your money belts, 10 nor bag for your journey, nor two tunics, nor sandals, nor staffs; for a worker is worthy of his food.’” Matthew 10:5-10
 
There is absolutely no reason to accept that. Those words of Jesus were to the disciples, in Israel, under the time of the law, and for a specific purpose. If those words applied to the situation now, everything that Paul and Luke had done would be a violation of Jesus’ words because He said, “Do not go in the way of the Gentiles.” But this is the main focus of Paul’s ministry.
 
Such an evaluation is not a proper handling of Scripture. And more, Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 9:3-12 concerning the rights of accepting payment for such work. He also notes it to Timothy in 1 Timothy 5:18 concerning receiving compensation.
 
It is stated explicitly and implicitly elsewhere as well. If those on the island felt that they should pay for the help they had received, and they freely offered it to those who had lost everything, then there is no reason to assume that Paul and Luke should not receive it – whether merely as a gift or as a sort of payment. Understanding this, it next says, “and going up they laid upon for the necessity.”
 
As noted above, the words are sparse. The meaning is that upon sailing (because to sail from land is considered going up), the same people from the island heaped everything necessary for the travel upon Paul and Luke.
 
This means that two separate things occurred. They were first rewarded for their efforts of healing the people, and then they were assisted in their continued traveling to Rome. Of this verse, the Geneva Bible says, “God does well to strangers for his children's sake.”
 
Life application: When reading the Bible, the context of what is being said must be maintained. For example, we cannot force the words of Jesus in the synoptic gospels into what is going on in the book of Acts and the epistles. Jesus was speaking to Israel, under the law, about matters of the law and of the kingdom to come.
 
Care must be taken to ensure that if something is cited from the gospels, that it actually applies to whatever point is being made. To not do so can form a logical contradiction in one’s theology. For example, Jesus said –
 
“But take heed to yourselves, lest your hearts be weighed down with carousing, drunkenness, and cares of this life, and that Day come on you unexpectedly. 35 For it will come as a snare on all those who dwell on the face of the whole earth. 36 Watch therefore, and pray always that you may be counted worthy to escape all these things that will come to pass, and to stand before the Son of Man.” Luke 21:34-36
 
People in the church will often cite these words, applying them to the life of believers today. Jesus’ words in this passage are not intended for those of the church. He is speaking to the people of Israel who were under the law and in anticipation of the tribulation period which comes after the church age.
 
Those in the church during this dispensation do not need to pray that they will be counted worthy to escape those things. They will be taken out at the rapture before those days transpire. We also do not need to pray that we will be worthy to stand before the Son of Man. Rather –
 
“...giving thanks to the Father who has qualified us to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in the light. 13 He has delivered us from the power of darkness and conveyed us into the kingdom of the Son of His love, 14 in whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins.” Colossians 1:12-14
 
Mixing matters between dispensations will always result in poor theology. Normally, it will result in a complete contradiction in what is said in Scripture. We are qualified to be partakers. We have been delivered! Read and apply the words of the Bible in their intended context and your doctrine will be sound.
 
Almighty God, help us to rightly divide Your word. May our evaluation of it be based on what You are doing in history according to the dispensation in which events are being referred. In this, our understanding of what is being said will be proper. Help us always to remember the proper context as we seek out what is being conveyed. Amen.

Acts 28:9

Sunday, 9 June 2024
 
So when this was done, the rest of those on the island who had diseases also came and were healed. Acts 28:9
 
More exactingly, it reads, “This, therefore, having occurred, also the others having infirmities in the island approached and were healed” (CG).
 
In the previous verse, Paul went into the sick father of Publius, prayed, and laid hands on him. With that, he was healed. Because of this, Luke continues, beginning with, “This, therefore, having occurred.”
 
He is showing a consequence based on an action. Because of Paul’s healing of the sick man, the word got out. This was the father of the leading citizen of the island and what occurred could not be hidden from the ears of the people. Once they realized Paul had the gift of healing, therefore, it next says, “also the others having infirmities in the island approached.”
 
The article before others is necessary for the intent of what is being said. Some translations simply say, “others also.” The inclusion of the article gives the sense that there was a rush upon Paul once the word had gotten out. In their coming to Paul with their infirmities, it then says, “and were healed.”
 
This is, therefore, a tie back to Luke 5 where the word went out about Jesus’ miracles to the point that everyone came to Him to be healed –
 
“Then He put out His hand and touched him, saying, ‘I am willing; be cleansed.’ Immediately the leprosy left him. 14 And He charged him to tell no one, ‘But go and show yourself to the priest, and make an offering for your cleansing, as a testimony to them, just as Moses commanded.’15 However, the report went around concerning Him all the more; and great multitudes came together to hear, and to be healed by Him of their infirmities. 16 So He Himself often withdrew into the wilderness and prayed.” Luke 5:13-16
 
Luke is making a direct connection between the healing powers of Jesus and those of Paul, demonstrating that the same power that was upon Jesus now rested upon Paul. The Spirit of God was confirming the message of Jesus to those on the island of Malta.
 
Of the words of this verse, the Geneva Bible says, “Although Paul was a captive, yet the power of God was not captive.”
 
Life application: The people of Malta came to Paul for healing of their physical bodies. But the point of such healing is to lead people to understand their need for spiritual healing. Paul and Luke would have made this perfectly clear to those on the island. This is the point of having such healing powers.
 
Today, those miracles are recorded in the Bible. There is no longer a need for such demonstrable proofs. The New Testament tells believers to trust in what the word says, having faith that the message about Jesus contained there is true.
 
Of all of the writings throughout the world, the Bible alone tells the complete message of how we got into the mess we are in, what God has been doing to get us out of it, and what He will do for those who accept that message.
 
It is written in such a way that it is self-validating and can be trusted. And so, why do we need miracles, signs, and wonders to choose or reject Jesus? We don’t! This doesn’t mean God cannot or will not heal people today, but such healing will come as He chooses, without the explicit nature of miracles that were needed before the Bible was complete.
 
To expect such things actually demonstrates a lack of faith, not the other way around. As it says, for example, in Romans 10:17, “So then faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God.”
 
We are expected to pick up the word, read it, test it to see if it is what it claims to be and then have faith in what it says. Don’t be captivated by those who claim to do miraculous things. They are a distraction from what God expects of His people. Evidence of this is that there are such supposed healers in other religions as well.
 
Is God working through them? No, He isn’t. Be careful what you believe and what you will accept. The word is reliable. Check it out and have faith in what it proclaims. Everything else is unnecessary eyewash.
 
Lord God, may we not be led down wayward paths by false teachers. Help us to be attentive to Your word, ready to test what we are exposed to, and to reject those things that have no basis in what You would intend for us in our walk before You. May Your Spirit rest upon us and guide us. Yes, Lord, may it be so. Amen.